Arthritis is not a single disease—it is an umbrella term for over 100 conditions that cause joint pain, stiffness, and inflammation. At Dr. Mark Akselrud’s internal medicine practice, we recognize that accurate diagnosis is key to effective treatment. Whether it’s osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or another autoimmune form, each type of arthritis requires a unique medical approach.
At its core, arthritis refers to inflammation of the joints. Symptoms often include joint pain, swelling, reduced mobility, and stiffness, particularly in the morning or after periods of inactivity. However, the causes, progression, and treatment of arthritis can vary dramatically depending on the type.
We diagnose and treat several major types of arthritis at our practice. Understanding the distinctions is crucial to providing targeted, effective care.
1. Osteoarthritis (OA)
Osteoarthritis is the most common form and is often described as "wear-and-tear" arthritis. It occurs when the cartilage that cushions the ends of bones gradually breaks down, leading to pain and stiffness, especially in weight-bearing joints like the knees, hips, and spine. It typically develops with age or after joint injury.
2. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease, meaning the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues—in this case, the lining of the joints. RA usually affects joints symmetrically (e.g., both hands or both knees) and may also cause fatigue, low-grade fever, and organ involvement. It can develop at any age and tends to progress without treatment.
3. Autoimmune and Inflammatory Arthritis
This category includes conditions such as psoriatic arthritis, lupus-related arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. These diseases involve immune dysregulation and often affect the joints as well as the skin, spine, or internal organs. They may be associated with systemic symptoms like rashes, eye inflammation, or bowel issues.
4. Gout and Crystal-Induced Arthritis
Gout is caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints, often leading to sudden, severe attacks of pain, redness, and swelling—commonly in the big toe. Pseudogout is a related condition involving calcium pyrophosphate crystals. These conditions require different diagnostic and dietary approaches than OA or RA.
At Dr. Akselrud’s office, arthritis evaluation begins with a comprehensive clinical exam and patient history. We ask about the pattern of symptoms—whether joint pain is symmetrical, whether it's worse in the morning or after activity, and whether other systems are involved.
We then use targeted diagnostic tools, including:
Blood Tests: These can detect inflammation (e.g., ESR, CRP) and specific antibodies like rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-CCP, ANA, or uric acid levels.
Imaging: X-rays, ultrasounds, or MRIs may reveal joint damage, cartilage loss, or fluid buildup.
Joint Aspiration: In some cases, we analyze joint fluid to identify crystals or rule out infection.
This precise diagnostic workup helps us classify the arthritis and tailor a treatment strategy that targets the underlying cause—not just the symptoms.
Treatment plans vary based on the type and severity of arthritis. Our goal is always to relieve pain, improve function, and prevent joint damage through a personalized plan.
For Osteoarthritis, we often begin with weight management, physical therapy, and joint-friendly exercise. Over-the-counter pain relievers, prescription anti-inflammatories, and, when needed, joint injections may be used.
For Rheumatoid and Autoimmune Arthritis, we typically prescribe disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) such as methotrexate, and in some cases, biologic therapies that target specific immune pathways. Early intervention is key to preventing joint destruction.
For Gout, we address both acute flare-ups and long-term uric acid control. This may include medications like colchicine or allopurinol, along with dietary changes to reduce purine intake.
For All Types, we emphasize lifestyle support—stress management, anti-inflammatory nutrition, and exercise—to promote joint health and overall well-being.
At Dr. Akselrud’s practice, we don’t treat arthritis with a one-size-fits-all approach. By carefully identifying the type of arthritis and its root causes, we can create an individualized plan that manages pain, preserves mobility, and enhances quality of life.
If you’re living with joint pain or stiffness, don’t wait for symptoms to worsen. Schedule a consultation today to find out what type of arthritis you may have—and how we can help you move forward with confidence and comfort.
